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IN VITRO TESTING OF PLANTS USED IN THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT FOR TREATING SNAKEBITE.

Abstract no :  2-1&2-AG-001
Author(s) :  Houghton, P.J. Skari, K.P.; Tafesse, S.
Address :   Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, king’s College  London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX
Source :  Medicines and Foods: The Ethnopharmacological Approach.  2nd European Colloquium on Ethnopharmacology, p. 08, 24-27 March 1993, Heidelberg, Germany
Title :  IN VITRO TESTING OF PLANTS USED IN THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT FOR TREATING SNAKEBITE.
Abstract :      Aqueous extracts of the roots of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) and R.canescens,  Ophiorrhiza mungos (Sarpaksi) and Cassia tora (Chakramarda) which all have a reputation of use against snakebite in the traditional medicine of India and Sri Lanka were tested against carpet viper (Rajamantha) (Echis carinatus, and Naja species venomes. The extracts of Ophirrhiza mungos and Cassia tora both gave a decrease in contracture and an increase in time to twitch block induced by venom and so inhibitory effect on the cobra venom is suggested. The Rauvolfia extracts induced contraction per se and so their effect in the presence of venom could not be assessed.  The test for prolongation of time to blood-clotting induced by E.carinatus showed that all four extracts gave a dose related response.  Cassia tora and  Ophiorrhiza mungos extracts gave the greatest effects when premixed with the venom.  The effect of the Rauvolifa extracts was independent of this factor so they may interfere with the blood-clotting cascade itself.  This indicate that O. mungos and C.tora extracts counteract the venoms of both types of snakes investigated and the effect of the two species of  Rauvolfia on the blood clotting process initiated by Echis carinatus venom indicate that compounds might be present in the extract which have some neutralising effect on the venom of this snake.

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